Spring interview questions: Ace your next Java Spring interview with our comprehensive guide. Be prepared and land that dream job!
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As an IT professional, you are well aware of the importance of being well-prepared for job interviews, especially when it comes to highly sought-after positions in the Java Spring ecosystem. To help you stand out among other candidates and demonstrate your in-depth knowledge of the framework, we have put together a comprehensive list of Spring interview questions that touch upon various aspects of the technology.
These Spring interview questions have been carefully curated by experienced Java Spring developers, ensuring that they cover a wide range of topics that interviewers are likely to explore. Our goal is to provide you with the essential information and guidance you need to tackle even the most challenging questions during your interview.
From Spring Core and Basics to Aspect-Oriented Programming, Model-View-Controller, Data Access, Spring Boot, Security, Microservices, and Testing – our list of Spring interview questions will help you master each of these areas and more. By reviewing and understanding these questions, you will be better equipped to confidently showcase your expertise during your next interview.
Take the time to thoroughly study these Spring interview questions, and you will be well on your way to securing the Java Spring job you have been aspiring to. Good luck, and happy learning!
Spring Core and Basics
- 1What is the purpose of the Spring framework, and what benefits does it provide compared to other Java frameworks?
- 2Explain the concept of Inversion of Control (IoC) and how it relates to Dependency Injection (DI) in the Spring framework.
- 3Describe the different types of Dependency Injection (Constructor-based and Setter-based) and provide examples of when to use each.
- 4What is the difference between ApplicationContext and BeanFactory in Spring? When should you choose one over the other?
- 5Can you explain the Spring bean lifecycle and the roles of BeanPostProcessor and InitializingBean in it?
- 6Describe the different bean scopes in Spring, and provide a use case for each scope.
- 7What is the significance of the @Autowired annotation in Spring? How does it work?
- 8What is the difference between component-scan and annotation-config in Spring configuration?
- 9Explain how to use the @Qualifier annotation to resolve ambiguities when multiple beans of the same type are present in the context.
- 10How do you configure a Spring application using Java-based configuration? Provide a brief example.
Spring AOP (Aspect-Oriented Programming)
- 1What is Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP), and what benefits does it provide in the context of a Spring application?
- 2Explain the key concepts of AOP, including aspects, join points, pointcuts, advice, and weaving.
- 3What are the different types of advice in Spring AOP, and when would you use each one?
- 4How do you define a pointcut expression in Spring AOP? Provide an example of a pointcut expression.
- 5What is the difference between the @AspectJ and the Spring AOP schema-based approach for defining aspects?
- 6How can you implement and configure around advice in Spring AOP? Provide a brief example.
- 7What is the role of the AOP proxy in Spring? How does it work, and what is the difference between JDK dynamic proxies and CGLIB proxies?
- 8Can you explain the limitations of Spring AOP compared to a full AspectJ implementation?
- 9How do you control the order of aspect execution when multiple aspects are applied to a single join point?
- 10Explain how to use the @Order annotation and the Ordered interface for specifying the order of aspect execution.
Spring MVC (Model-View-Controller)
- 1Describe the architecture and components of a Spring MVC application.
- 2What is the role of the DispatcherServlet in Spring MVC, and how does it handle incoming requests?
- 3How do you configure a Spring MVC application using both XML and Java-based configurations?
- 4Explain the usage of the @Controller and @RequestMapping annotations in Spring MVC.
- 5How do you handle form submissions, validation, and data binding in a Spring MVC application?
- 6What is the difference between @ModelAttribute and @RequestParam annotations, and when should you use each?
- 7Describe the role of ViewResolver in Spring MVC and provide an example of how to configure it.
- 8How do you handle exceptions in Spring MVC? Explain the usage of the @ExceptionHandler and @ControllerAdvice annotations.
- 9What are the different ways to return a response from a Spring MVC controller, and when should you use each?
- 10Explain how to handle file uploads in a Spring MVC application.
Spring Data Access
- 1What is the purpose of the Spring JDBC Template, and how does it simplify database operations?
- 2How do you configure and use the Spring JDBC Template in a Spring application?
- 3Describe the difference between RowMapper and ResultSetExtractor in Spring JDBC.
- 4What is Spring Data JPA, and how does it simplify database access using the Java Persistence API (JPA)?
- 5How do you configure and use Spring Data JPA in a Spring application? Provide a brief example.
- 6Explain the role of JpaRepository and its usage in Spring Data JPA.
- 7What are the key differences between JpaRepository, CrudRepository, and PagingAndSortingRepository interfaces in Spring Data JPA?
- 8Describe the concept of transaction management in Spring and its importance.
- 9How do you configure and use declarative transaction management in Spring using both XML and Java-based configurations?
- 10Explain the propagation and isolation levels in Spring transactions, and when to use each.
Spring Boot
- 1What are the main benefits and features of Spring Boot, and how does it simplify the development and deployment of Spring applications?
- 2Explain the concept of Spring Boot starters and their role in dependency management.
- 3How does Spring Boot auto-configuration work, and what is the role of @EnableAutoConfiguration or @SpringBootApplication annotation?
- 4Describe the use of application.properties or application.yml files in a Spring Boot application.
- 5How do you create and run a Spring Boot application using both Maven and Gradle?
- 6Explain how to create a custom Spring Boot starter and its benefits.
- 7What is the purpose of the Spring Boot Actuator, and what features does it provide?
- 8How do you secure and customize Spring Boot Actuator endpoints?
- 9What is the role of profiles in Spring Boot, and how do you use them?
- 10Explain how to deploy a Spring Boot application as a standalone JAR and as a WAR file in an external application server.
Spring Security
- 1What is Spring Security, and what are its main features?
- 2Explain the concepts of authentication and authorization in Spring Security.
- 3How do you configure Spring Security in a Spring application using both XML and Java-based configurations?
- 4Describe the role of filters in the Spring Security filter chain.
- 5What is the difference between the @Secured and @PreAuthorize annotations, and when should you use each?
- 6How do you implement custom authentication and integrate it with Spring Security?
- 7Explain the role of UserDetails and UserDetailsService interfaces in Spring Security.
- 8How do you configure and handle CSRF protection in Spring Security?
- 9What is OAuth2, and how do you integrate it with Spring Security for implementing single sign-on (SSO)?
- 10Describe the usage of JSON Web Tokens (JWT) in a Spring Security application.
Microservices with Spring
- 1What is the purpose and benefits of Spring Cloud in building and deploying microservices?
- 2Explain the concept of service discovery and how to implement it using Eureka or Consul.
- 3How do you configure and use client-side load balancing with Ribbon in a Spring Cloud application?
- 4Describe the role of Hystrix in implementing circuit breakers and fault tolerance in a microservices architecture.
- 5What is Spring Cloud Config, and how does it simplify the management of application configurations across microservices?
- 6Explain how to implement distributed tracing with Spring Cloud Sleuth and Zipkin.
- 7How do you use Spring Cloud Gateway for API Gateway implementation and its benefits?
- 8Describe the role of Spring Cloud Stream in event-driven microservices and message-driven systems.
- 9What is Spring Cloud Bus, and how does it simplify the communication between distributed services?
- 10Explain how to implement containerization and deployment of Spring microservices using Docker and Kubernetes.
Spring Testing
- 1What is the importance of testing in a Spring application, and what are the main types of testing?
- 2Explain how to write and execute unit tests for Spring applications using JUnit and Mockito.
- 3Describe the role of Spring Test and Spring Boot Test in writing integration tests for Spring applications.
- 4How do you use the @MockBean and @SpyBean annotations in Spring testing, and what is the difference between them?
- 5Explain the use of the @WebMvcTest annotation and its role in testing Spring MVC applications.
- 6How do you test Spring Data JPA repositories using the @DataJpaTest annotation?
- 7What is the role of TestRestTemplate and MockRestServiceServer in testing RESTful APIs in Spring applications?
- 8Describe how to use the @SpringBootTest annotation and its different configurations for integration testing.
- 9How do you test Spring Security configurations and secured endpoints in a Spring application?
- 10Explain the importance of testing profiles in a Spring application and how to configure them using the @ActiveProfiles annotation.
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